Tannat

Tannat is a fascinating red wine grape that produces bold, deeply colored powerful wines with substantial tanninsTannins in Wine Tannins in wine are phen... More and distinctive character. Basque immigrants played a crucial role in bringing Tannat to Uruguay, where it adapted to the local climate and soil.

Origins of Tannat

Tannat originates from Madiran in south west France, specifically in the foothills of the Pyrenees Mountains. The Basque region is the historical origin of the Tannat, and it continues to be associated with winemaking in both the Basque Country and the Madiran region of southwest France. The grape has been cultivated there since at least the 17th century, where it became the dominant red grape varietal of the and is made into Madiran wines. The name “Tannat” derives from its high tannin content, which was historically so intense that the the high tannin levels of tannat wines required significant aging before consumption.

Where Tannat Grows in the World

While Tannat originated in France, today Tannat thrives in several regions worldwide:

• France: Still cultivated in its ancestral home of Madiran and in parts of Irouléguy in the French Basque Country
• Uruguay: Now considered the national grape of Uruguay, where it was introduced to South America by Basque settlers in the 19th century. Tannat has successfully adapted to the unique local soil and climate conditions.
• Argentina: Growing in popularity in high-altitude vineyards
• United States: Small plantings in California, particularly in Paso Robles, and parts of Virginia. A significant portion of Tannat vines in California were planted in the last five years, indicating a recent surge in interest.
• Australia: Limited but increasing production in regions like McLaren Vale
• Brazil: Emerging production, especially in the Campanha region

Uruguay has most enthusiastically embraced Tannat, developing red wine styles that are often more approachable than their French counterparts. Uruguay tannat has become the signature grape of the country

How Winemakers Use The Tannat Grape

Winemakers employ several techniques when working with Tannat:

1. Blending: Often blended with Cabernet SauvignonCabernet Sauvignon is a renowned red win... More, Cabernet FrancCabernet Franc is a red wine grape varie... More, or MerlotMerlot is one of the world's most widely... More to soften its intense tannins
2. Micro-oxygenation: A technique popularized in Uruguay that introduces small amounts of oxygen during fermentation to soften the high tannins
3. Oak aging: Extended barrel aging to help integrate tannins and add complexity. However, the bold nature of Tannat can complicate cellar aging, presenting challenges for winemakers.
4. Extended maceration: Used by some producers to extract maximum colorWhat role do Anthocyanins play in wine? ... More and structure
5. Single varietal wines: Particularly common in Uruguay, showcasing the grape’s unique characteristics. The importance of bottling techniques and the age of the wine in the bottle contribute significantly to developing flavors and overall quality.

The winemaking approach for tannat wines varies significantly between traditional French methods and the more modern techniques used in the New World.

Tasting Notes and Wine Specifications

Color: Deep, inky purple to almost black, with intense concentration and opacity

Aroma:

• Dark black fruit flavors : rich aromas of blackberry, black plum, black cherry, and black currant
• Spice notes: black pepper, clove
• Earthy elements: leather, tobacco, forest floor
• Chocolate and coffee notes, especially in aged examples

Flavor:

• Concentrated dark fruits (blackberry, plum)
• Black licorice and dark chocolate
• Espresso and roasted notes
• Herbal undertones and spice flavors
• Mineral qualities in French examples

Other elements that contribute to Tannat’s complexity include raspberry aromas, higher alcohol content, and various aging techniques that enhance the wine’s characteristics.

Structure:

• High tannins – among the most tannic red wines in the world
• Medium to high acidity
• Full body with substantial weight
• Alcohol typically 13-15% ABVWhat Does A.B.V. Mean in Wine? What does... More
• Good aging potential, particularly the French examples as its tannic structure helps it to age

Newer vines tend to produce wines with higher alcohol levels and less acidity, resulting in lush and complex layers of fruit on the palate. In contrast, older vines are linked to traditional qualities derived from historical cuttings, offering more depth in flavor and a classic profile.

Aging:

• French Tannat: Benefits from 8-10+ years of aging
• Uruguayan Tannat: Often more approachable young but can age 5-8 years
• Oak influence often presents as vanilla, toast, and spice notes

The timing and techniques involved in the harvest of Tannat grapes, such as hand-picking and careful management of grape maturity, are crucial in achieving optimal flavor profiles. Tannat grapes are selectively harvested to ensure optimal quality and flavor, which significantly impacts the aging potential and characteristics of the wine.

Food Pairing:

• Red meat, particularly grilled or barbecued
• Game meats like venison and wild boar
• Cassoulet and other rich bean-based dishes
• Hard aged cheeses
• Dark chocolate desserts
• Hearty stews and braises

The Role of Tannat in the Wine World Today

Tannat occupies an interesting position in today’s wine landscape:

1. Uruguay’s flagship: It represents over 25% of Uruguay’s wine production and has become synonymous with the country’s wine identity. More Tannat is now grown in Uruguay than in its native France due to favorable climate conditions such as mild winters.
2. Health benefits: Contains some of the highest levels of antioxidants and procyanidins among red wines, which has increased interest in the varietal.
3. Climate adaptation: Its thick skin and resistance to rot and powdery mildew make it suitable for changing climate conditions than some other grapes.
4. Niche appeal: Attracts enthusiasts looking for alternatives to mainstream grape varieties.
5. Diverse styles: From traditional, age-worthy French expressions to more modern, approachable styles.

The grape continues to gain recognition among wine enthusiasts seeking bold, structured wines with distinctive character. The historical significance of the vine in relation to Tannat’s cultivation and production is notable, especially with its introduction to regions like California and Uruguay. The challenges faced by Tannat vines due to phylloxera and subsequent replanting efforts have shaped its current status. The growing prominence of Tannat in regions like Uruguay encourages readers to find Tannat and appreciate its diverse range of qualities.

Should You Try Tannat?

Absolutely! Tannat offers a unique tasting experience, particularly for wine enthusiasts who:

• Enjoy full-bodied reds like Cabernet Sauvignon and Petite Sirah
• Appreciate structure and age-worthy wines
• Are looking to explore beyond mainstream varieties
• Enjoy pairing wine with hearty, rich foods

Tannat is grown in various regions, including South Africa, where the geological and climatic factors allow it to thrive similarly to Uruguay. Additionally, a significant portion of Tannat vines planted in California originated from cuttings obtained from Tablas Creek, highlighting the importance of these cuttings in the establishment of the varietal in the region.

For newcomers to Tannat, Uruguayan versions tend to be more approachable than their French counterparts, making them an excellent entry point. Look for bottles labeled “Reserva” or those that mention micro-oxygenation for a softer introduction to the variety.

Conclusion

Tannat is a bold, distinctive red wine that showcases the diversity of the wine world. From its origins in southwestern France to its new home as Uruguay’s national grape, Tannat continues to evolve and gain appreciation among wine enthusiasts. Its intense structure, deep color, and complex flavors make it especially suited to pairing with rich foods, while its health benefits provide an added bonus. Whether you’re exploring a traditional Madiran or a modern Uruguayan interpretation, Tannat offers a rewarding experience for those willing to venture beyond more familiar wine varieties.